Animals - Mammals

Three main groups of living mammals:

monotremes 单孔目 lay eggs, female monotremes nurse their young with milk (only 5 species) the only egg-laying mammals. short-nosed echidna, platypus
Marsupial 有袋类
Placentalia 胎盘动物

Fun facts

(Lemurs, monkeys, apes)

Strepsirrhini 原猴
- Lemurs
- Lorises
- Aye-aye (指猴): a long-fingered lemur, the world's largest nocturnal primate.
Haplorhini 简鼻亚目
- catarrhines 狭鼻小目
  - Old World monkeys
    - macaque 猕猴 Japanese macaque = snow monkeys
    - mandrill 山魈: the largest monkeys in the world, scarlet nose and blue ridges on the face
  - Apes, including humans
    - Gibon
    - Siamang
- platyrrhines (New World monkeys). Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", their noses are flatter than those of other simians
  - marmoset: 狨猴
- tarsier: 眼镜猴. Philippine tarsier have the largest eyes relative to their body size.

Lion: Social; the most intelligent big cats; 母狮子狩猎，公狮子保护。

Only 8 types of bears:

American black bear: usually black, but in some regions the “black” bear can be brown, cinnamon-colored, or even blonde.
Asian black bear: Asian black bear has a prominent white patch, which is often V-shaped, on its chest.
Brown bear
Polar bear
Giant panda
Sun bear: the world’s smallest bear.
Sloth bear: Indian Subcontinent, insectivore (insect-eater), has the longest tail of all bears.
Spectacled Bear: The Andes, South America, the only living bear species found in South America. named for the spectacle-like appearance of its facial markings

whales, dolphins, porpoises

海豚和鲸鱼都属于鲸目。

鲸目分两个亚目：

海豚：脊索动物门 > 脊椎动物亚门 > 哺乳纲 > 鲸目 > 齿鲸亚目 > 海豚科 > 海豚

虎鲸（俗名杀人鲸，Orca）也属于海豚科。

All antelope species have horns. Some on both male and female, some are male ony.

Antelope vs deer: Antelope horns are attached, unlike a deer's antlers that shed each year.

Impala 黑斑羚 are antelopes (羚羊)
Klipspringer: a small antelope found in eastern and southern Africa.
Blesbok: prominent white blaze on the face.
Gazelles
Blackbuck
Springbok
Waterbuck
Sable and roan antelope
Bontebok:white markings on the long, narrow face (known as a threat mask) are intended to intimidate predators
Wildebeest 角马
- White-beared gnu: a.k.a. white-bearded wildebeest, native to Kenya and Tanzania.
Addax: a.k.a. white antelope and the screwhorn antelope. Sahara Desert.
Arabian Oryx: long, straight and slender horns. Light color to reflect the desert heat and sunlight.
Dik-dik: small African antelope. Name may be an imitation of their alarm cry. Long and flexible snout. Only male dik-diks have the corrugated horns.
Duiker: small- to medium-sized antelope, sub-Saharan Africa. Name from Afrikkans/Dutch word for diver or diving buck. It refers to the duikers' practice of diving into tangles of shrubbery.
Bongo: a giant among forest antelopes. Native to rain forests of central and western Africa. Thin stripes.
Eland: the largest type of antelope.
Gerenuk: giraffe gazelle, is a long-necked antelope found in parts of East Africa.
Lechwe: native to the floodplains of the Nile River Valley.

marmot vs prairie dogs vs ground squirrel vs

squirrels, Marmotini
marmots (Marmota), including the American groundhog
the smaller and less bushy-tailed ground squirrels tend to be known as chipmunks

aardvark 土豚
shrews 鼩鼱
sengi: 象鼩
armadillos 犰狳
Fennec fox 耳廓狐: the smallest fox. very large ears
sea otter: the smallest marine mammal (river otter vs sea otter?)
caracal 狞猫
mongoose 猫鼬
ibex 山羊
Pudu: the world's smallest deer, South American
Agouti: 刺豚鼠, native to Middle America, related to guinea pigs
Binturong 熊狸
Kopi luwak, also known as civet coffee, is a coffee that consists of partially digested coffee cherries, which have been eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet （椰子貓）(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).